Plants for your Elizabethan Garden

The following is a selection of plant material that you might expect to find in an Elizabethan Garden.  I have provided links to pictures of the plants that might help you to decide what to use in your garden.  Also included is a link to the Ohio Nursery and Landscape Association's plant locator to help you find a supplier in you area.


 
Scientific Name: Hyssopus officinalis
Common Name: Hyssop
Description: It has blue violet flowers that appear from late spring to mid summer.  Hyssop is a plant that likes full sun to partial shade.  It is a low maintenance plant.  Hyssop has been used as a cleaning herb, for cooking, teas, and as a clipped hedge in knot gardens.  It is a good plant for attracting butterflies, hummingbirds, and bees.
Scientific Name: Thymus serphyllum
Common Name: Creeping Thyme
Description: Thyme has  purple flowers in the late spring. It is a mat forming perennial whose height is about 3 to 6 inches.  It prefers full sun in loose, well drained soil.  It works great in rock gardens, on stone walls and planted among paving stones.
Scientific Name: Thymus praecox
Common Name: Woolly Thyme
Description: It has rose purple flowers in late spring to early summer.  It likes full sun and well drained soil.  With a height of 1/2 inch it is an excellent choice for flagstone paths and terrace areas.
Scientific Name: Lavandula angustifolia
Common Name: English Lavender
Description: During the summer you will find purple or lavender whorled flowers.  It likes full sun and well drained soils.  Lavender has a rounded compact habit and grows to be 1 to 2 feet tall.  It can be used in rock gardens, herb gardens, as a massing, or as clipped hedges.
Scientific Name: Salvia officinalis
Common Name: Common Sage
Description: From early to midsummer you will have lilac blue flowers.  The plant will grow 18 to 24 inches tall and have woody stems.  Sage is an herb that is used for seasoning and in the ornamental garden.
Scientific Name: Aconitum napellus
Common Name: Garden Monkshood
Description: In mid to late summer the blue or violet flowers will appear.  It can grow to a height of 3 to 4 feet and have a width of 18 inches.  It does best in partial shade and with fertile soil.  It is utilized as a border plant in an ornamental garden.  When using this selection extreme caution must be taken because it is very toxic.
Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum
Common Name: Common Basil
Description: A white flower appears in midsummer, but is not encouraged.  The plant is grown for its vegetative properties and foliage effects.  It likes full sun and moist well drained soils.  It is used extensively in cooking and can be used as a border, in window plantings or pots.  Its green ruffled foliage will add texture and color to any garden.
Scientific Name: Melissa officinalis
Common Name: Balm
Description: Flowering in the summer it produces a yellow or whitish flower that will can be 3 feet high.  It has a weedy habit and can spread to 3 foot spread.  It can be used for tea, salads, or soups.  Due to the habit, the plants is limited to use in herb gardens.  It may be a good idea to containerize the plant so that it does not take over your garden.
Scientific Name: Alcea rosea
Common Name: Hollyhock
Description: The numerous color available for flowers will last from mid summer to early fall.  The height can range from 2 feet to 9 feet depending upon the cultivar.  It will perform best in full sun with well drained soils.  It is typically used as a background to a border or along fences.  Hollyhock is a biennial, but seeds readily.
Scientific Name: Taxus baccata
Common Name: English Yew
Description: Yews can grow to a height of 30 to 60 feet and have a width of 15 to 25 feet.  Typically they are clipped and used as a hedge or for topiary work.  The habit is as a tree or shrub and is usually wide spreading and densely branched.  It has a slow growth rate and prefers moist, well drained sandy loam.
Scientific Name: Buxus sempervirens
Common Name: Common Boxwood
Description: This dense evergreen shrub can grow to be 15 to 20 feet tall.  It has a yellow flower in April of May.  It is typically used for hedges, masses, topiary work, and for formal gardens.
Scientific Name: Ligustrum vulgare
Common Name: European Privet
Description: This is a stout branched shrub that can grow to 15 feet tall.  It has a distinct dark green color and has a white flower in mid June that is somewhat discouraged.  Some of its cultivars might be a good choice.
Scientific Name: Viola odorata
Common Name: English Violet
Description: It has a deep violet flower that appears in the spring.  The plant usually has a height of 6 to 8 inches and a width of 12 to 15 inches.  It likes cool shade and a well drained site that is high in organic matter.  It can be used in just about all gardens, but may also become weedy  because they spread quickly.
Scientific Name: Convallaria majalis
Common Name: Lily of the Valley
Description: The white bell shaped flowers will appear in the mid spring.  It has a creeping habit and will have a height of about 12 inches.  They can be used as a ground cover, for cut flowers, and not for the perennial border because of its aggressiveness.  It prefers a moist soil conditions and does best in full shade.  It is also a poisonous plant.
Scientific Name: Narcissus sp.
Common Name: Daffodil
Description: The yellow trumpeted flowers are held 6 to 24 inches above ground.  It likes full sun to partial shade and well drained soils.  It is extremely useful in naturalizing an area and can be used in massing for a perennial border.
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The Ohio Nursery Landscape Association's Plant Locator
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